Common limitations included a lack of a theoretical framework used in developing the interventions, a lack of process evaluations to measure program fidelity, and a lack of validity and reliability reporting for the study surveys. All studies reported a significant increase in knowledge or a decrease in high-risk behaviors among the inmates at the conclusion of the interventions. In addition, 5 articles were found containing supporting information for the 9 studies reviewed, increasing the number of articles reviewed to 14. Of the 234 articles identified, 9 met the inclusion criteria. A database search was performed to identify studies that used HIV sexual risk prevention programs with incarcerated adults. This article reviews the effectiveness of HIV sexual risk prevention programs among adult prison inmates. Available evidence shows that hepatitis C treatment in prison settings is feasible and the introduction of direct‐acting antivirals will most likely result in increased treatment completion and better clinical outcomes for the prison population, given the caveats of affordability and the need for increased funding for prison health, with the resulting benefits accruing mostly in the community. Thirty‐four publications were included reporting on the effectiveness, acceptability and economic aspects of HCV treatment models of care to achieve treatment completion and sustained viral response in prison settings. A systematic review of the literature (Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library) was performed, and complemented with searches for conference abstracts and grey literature. We reviewed available evidence on hepatitis C treatment in prison settings, with a focus on the European Union/European Economic Area.

Effective hepatitis C treatment within this population does not only have a direct individual health benefit, but may lead to substantial community dividend. Hepatitis C prevalence in prison populations is much higher than in the community. This study is among the first to report any positive impacts on sexual behaviors among a population of inmates returning to the community. Results reported here for 343 subjects who have completed the 90-day follow up indicate significant reductions in reported sexual risk behaviors for those participating the DVD intervention, compared to the other two brief interventions. Thirty and ninety-day follow-ups examined changes in high-risk behaviors.

All participants randomly received one of the interventions and were tested for HIV and HCV prior to release from custody.

This research examines the relative effectiveness of three alternative brief interventions of varying intensity designed to change the risk behaviors of inmates who are reentering society: a DVD-based, peer delivered intervention the NIDA Standard HIV Intervention and a standard practice condition (HIV educational video). A central issue in intervention research involves the evaluation of what constitutes an effective 'dose' of an intervention. Brief interventions to reduce harmful or problem behaviors have become increasingly popular in a variety of health fields, including HIV and hepatitis risk reduction.

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